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RO = run on sentence. Wherever you see RO on your paper, that is where you are running two complete thoughts together. This is incorrect writing and may confuse a reader. Next to the code is a definition of a Run On sentence and examples of how to correct this grammatical error.
This is an error you need to correct for future writing.
know, and I will
include it to this list. It will be much appreciated. |
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| Codes | Explanations of the codes & how to address them | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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A |
Adverb/adjective confusion
Adjective = used to modify a noun
ex: I ran a good race. Adj N
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Adverb = modifies a verb & adjective. (it usually ends in ly.
Ex: I ran well yesterday. V adv
Ex: I ran a really good race yesterday. adv adj n |
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| abstract - concrete: click link for info | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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AD |
Don't Advertise Don't advertise - just do it Ex: In conclusion I just feel that dogs make good pets Better: Dogs make great pets. Ex: As I have stated above, Americans are too dependent on cars. Better: Americans are too dependent on cars. |
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APOV |
Author's Point of View When writing = what you (the author) is saying in a broad general way about your topic When reading = what the author (the writer) is saying in a broad general way about the topic |
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Art |
Article Articles are used to introduce verbs. There are 2 basic article. A = introduces nonspecific noun - any one -in when generally speaking Ex: A cat is a good pet The = introduces a specific noun - when our noun is not general Ex: When I went to the school next to the candy store, I got lost |
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AV |
Active Voice You could probably use more active voice. Active voice = does action = usually the more direct and effective way to write Ex: The committee voted on the bill. Passive voice = receives action = usually less effective and direct Ex: The bill was voted on by the committee.
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AWK |
Awkward This sentence or group of words is awkwardly constructed. It may have numerous errors that overlap or simply not have any meaning. There is probably a much better way to say it. |
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BC |
Be Complete - this is not a completed assignment - for the best grades do all of the assignment - if you are unclear be sure to ask questions prior to submission. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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BS |
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Cap |
Capital Letters Usage Capitals are used for: · The first word of a sentence, · Proper Nouns (Tom, Middlesex County College, Virginia) |
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| Coherence | making writing coherent: click link for info | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Com |
Comma Usage Commas separate items in a sentence to avoid confusion. There are specific ways to use commas correctly so thoughts do not run together. Note that unnecessary commas usage can confuse a reader. Each bullet below illustrates how correctly use a comma. · MC, cc MC Bob ran, but Jane walked to the store. (note: the comma must precede the cc (but)) MC, cc MC · DC, MC Because I was late, I was not allowed to take the test. . (note: the comma goes after the DC) DC , MC · MC DC = No Comma My cousin was very tired because he worked all day. (note: no comma after the MC) MC DC · small, dingy, and cold room · John, go to the store now! · First, (only in beginning) · Frank, the guy in the back row, constantly disrupts the class (nonessential phrase) · Any student who doesn't do the work will fail. (no comma with necessary phrases) · To do well on a test, you must study hard. (infinitive) · Mary said, "Seth is a good guy." · Mary lives at 427, Vette Avenue, Perth Amboy, New Jersey 07002 · Soon after, she left for the conference. (to separate main clause)
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| CC |
Coordinating Conjunction misuse -Coordinating Conjunctions
(CC) are those little words that are commonly used to join thoughts within
a sentence (and, but, so, for, nor, yet) They are meant to to do
just what their name implies, coordinate thoughts within a
sentence, not between them. To begin a sentence with a CC is
basically using them to join the sentence it begins with to the
sentence that came before it. This is not their purpose. Remember, a
sentence is one complete thought, so it you are going to join 2 of them;
it should be punctuated properly and in one sentence. (as I just did in
that sentence). This makes a much better complex thought. ex: Incorrect My father is a tough man. And he is a good provider for our family. (one complete thought) CC (one complete thought) Correct My father is a tough man, and he is a good provider for our family. (one complete thought) , CC (one complete thought) |
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| Clauses |
Clauses - components of a sentence. There are 2 types you must be familiar with: (MC) Main Clause = a group of words that has a subject + verb = complete thought ex: Franklin won = complete thought (subject) (verb) ex: The big gray cat took a long nap. = complete thought (subject) (verb) (DC) Dependent Clause = a group of words that has a subject + verb = NO complete thought ex: Because Franklin won = NO complete thought (subject) (verb) ex: As the big gray cat took a long nap. = NO complete thought (subject) (verb) |
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| Conclusion | writing conclusions: click link for info | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CS |
Concluding Sentence Paragraphs should have a concluding sentence. If this code is near a paragraph, it is missing. |
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CSP |
Comma Splice - you have joined two MC with a comma. This is basically the same error as a Run-on. |
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| DC |
Dependent Clause subject + verb = no complete meaning ex: Because Robert went home subject verb |
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| DC,MC | missing comma between a Dependent clause and a Main Clause (see RO or CSP corrections for more help) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Development | developing writing: click link for info | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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DM |
Dangling Modifier A group of words that is intended to modify something but doesn't.
ex: Running around all day, Jake's feet were tired. (note: whatever follows the modifier is the object of it - Jake's feet were not Running around all day.)
Better: Running around all day, Jake soaked his tired feet. (Jake is now running around) |
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Ego |
Egomaniac You are focusing more on yourself than the topic. Focus on your topic. |
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Ex |
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FD |
Follow Direction You are not doing what is asked. |
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Fg |
Sentence Fragment A complete sentence has a Subject (what ever is being written about) & Predicate (what the subject is doing or the circumstances around it). A sentence fragment is missing either a subject or predicate or both. This usually can be corrected by joining this group of words to the sentence before or after it.
ex: Because you see man young people with baggy clothing. It must be popular. This is a dependant clause-fragment Better: Because you see man young people with baggy clothing, it must be popular
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FL |
Figurative Language | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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FOAS |
Focus on Accurate Sentences This writing exhibits
too many sentence errors that hinder a better grade.
PRO = pronoun error COM = Comma error (missing or not needed) S-V = Subject + Verb do not agree
DM = Dangling Modifier |
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Get Me Out of Your Writing Too much second person (use of the word YOU) click link for info YOU = the reader NOT the writer. |
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| including writing that grabs a reader's attention in the introduction: click link for info | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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I |
Incomplete | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| writing introductions: click link for info | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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KIS |
Keep it Simple You are having trouble writing accurate sentences because you are addling too much. Focus on accurate sentences. Have a clear subject and clear predicate. |
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| MC |
Main Clause Subject + verb = complete thought ex: Robert left school. subject verb |
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| MET | Metaphor (see figurative language) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MI | Main Idea: click link for info | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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MPM |
Misplaced Modifier A group of modifying words not clearly related to that that which is supposed to be modified.
ex: Smashed against the pole, I saw my shiny new car. (I am not smashed against the pole, the car is) Better: I saw my shiny new car smashed against the pole Better: Smashed against the pole my shiny new car was visible.
ex: Because he studied hard, John got nearly an A on the exam. (he didn't nearly an A) Better: Because he studied hard, John nearly got an A on the exam
ex: I saw a large bear looking through my binoculars. (bears do not look through binoculars) Better: Looking through my binoculars, I saw a large bear. |
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| MW |
Missing Word: there is a word missing. It could be an article or
preposition which usually precedes a noun. ex: incorrect: The second story explains the relationship siblings (missing a preposition) correct: The second story explains the relationship of siblings incorrect: My cousin went to library to study. (missing an article) correct: My cousin went to the library |
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| NMI |
This is not a Main Idea - it should be one. See: MI for help. |
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| NOT |
Not on Topic This writing (or part of it) does seem to address the topic choices you were offered. Focus more on a topic that responds to the writing prompt. More specifically addressing the topic results in better grades and easier writing experiences. |
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| NSR |
No Score Recorded No score has been put in the grade book for probably one of 3 reasons: 1.The assignment was not correctly labeled - I do not know who wrote it, or I cannot tell what it is I am reading. (The assignment must be labeled as instructed, or I will not know how to grade it or where to put the grade!) 2. A name on the assignment does not appear n my roster. (Your name, the one you registered with, is on my roster, must appear on the top of all work.) 3. The assignment was not done as instructed. (wrong pages read, incorrect writing, etc.....) If there is another reason, it will usually be noted on the assignment The student who did it receives a "0"because no grade has been given. Campus Cruiser automatically converts a "0" to an "F To correct this problem & possibly get a grade Notify me (Prof. B) immediately with the following information. Name, Section, Assignment, NSR# ex: Name: Mary Smith Section: IN1 Assignment: Shorter Writing 1 NSR2 I will get to it when I have time - keep checking your grades to be sure it appears. Note: * An NSR designated assignment must be addressed in a timely manner, or it may not be accepted. * Because of the timely nature and content of some assignments, some NSR assignments may not be accepted. * If this problem persists, except that I will stop accepting this type of incorrectly labeled or done work |
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NSW |
No Such Word The word you are using is not a word in the English language. The underlined "words" below in the examples are not real words at all. Below are probably what you mean..
ex: I have alot of work to do, so I am kinda busy today. a lot kind of I'm gonna go to college after I finish highschool. going to high school He is the kinda student that gets good grades and shoulda passed the test. kind of should have |
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| non seq |
Non Sequitar A statement or conclusion that does not follow. How did you go form one sentence to the next? How did you go from one paragraph to the next? |
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| NP | New Paragraph needed | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OL |
OutlineEither missing or needs much work. Check it for comments. |
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| O-O-I | Oreder of Ideas | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Pct |
Punctuation Use punctuation correctly. Statement . = A well punctuated sentence is understandable. Question ? = How am I supposed to remember all these rules of grammar? Exclamation ! = Look out for that car! Command . = Get good seats for the play. Quotation " " = Bob said, "I really enjoyed that play." |
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| PL |
Plural You either need a plural or you used a plural where one is not appropriate. |
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Pos |
Possessive Shows ownership. You must place an apostrophe before the S to show ownership, or it just becomes plural. Singular possessive = John's ex: I borrowed John's pencil for the test. (note: without this apostrophe, you are saying 2 Johns) Plural possessive = the girls' ex: The girls' team won the game. |
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Pro |
Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns.
They must agree with the antecedent (the noun they are replacing) as explained below
Gender:
a male noun must be replaced with a male
pronoun ex: Jason was really impressed with Mary, so later in the day he asked her for a date. (Jason = male noun) (Mary = female) (male pro) (female pro)
a plural noun must be replaced with a
plural pronoun (one mall = singular noun) (it = singular pronoun)
Incorrect: The team practiced diligently and won their game. (one team = singular noun) (their = plural pronoun) Correct: The team practiced diligently and won its game. (one team = singular noun) (its = singular pronoun)
Incorrect: Someone is
on the phone, and they want to to talk to you.
Correct: Someone is on the phone, and she
wants to to talk to you.
Incorrect: It is important to teach a child manners so that they will grow up tobe polite. (a child = singular noun) (they = plural pronoun) Correct: It is important to teach children manners so that they will grow up to be polite. (children = plural noun) (plural pronoun)
Incorrect: A
parent is important because they instill values and morals in
their children.
Case:
subjective pronouns are used as subjects ex: Conrad and she went to the movies. subject + she = subject of the sentence)
ex: Because it is hot outside, she stayed in doors by the air conditioner. (she = subject of the Main Clause)
ex: Kenny and I had a great time at the movies. (subject of the sentence)
ex: Bob went on a diet with my cousin and me. (subject) (me = object, not the subject of the sentence)
ex: Sam gave his baseball tickets to us because he couldn't attend the game. (sentence subject) (us = object, not a the subject)
ex: Larry sat next to Nancy and me at the presentation. (sentence subject) me = object, not the subject)
ex: The girls were late for their manicure appointment.
ex: Mary was late for her manicure appointment.
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| PW | Prewrite | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Red |
Redundant You are repeating yourself. Don't do it. Ex: My goal is to be successful. I want to achieve all I can. I will reach my highest goal. be successful be successful be successful Ex: My girlfriend Melinda is my best friend. She is always there for me. I rely on her to help me when I need a shoulder to cry on. I like to be with her. She is really dependable, and I go to her for help. My life is so much more difficult without her. This all says the same thing. She is dependable and my best friend. |
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| Rel |
Relevance How does this sentence(s) within this paragraph support the topic sentence of the paragraph? How does this paragraph (or topic sentence-MI of the paragraph) support the Thesis? |
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Run on or Comma
Spliced sentence
Ex: John loves Stephanie he thinks she is a wonderful woman. (Run On) Incorrect MC MC Ex: John loves Stephanie, he thinks she is a wonderful woman (Comma Spliced (CSP)) Incorrect MC , MC
Below are corrections
for RO & CSP and how to use clauses correctly
(note proper punctuation)
MC,cc MC. = John loves Stephanie , but she doesn't love him. MC , cc MC MC . MC. = Jon loves Stephanie. She doesn't love him. MC . MC DC , MC. = Because John loves Stephanie, she is flattered. DC , MC MC DC = John loves Stephanie because she is a wonderful woman. MC DC. MC ; MC = John loves Stephanie; he is going to ask for her hand in marriage. MC ; MC. MC;sc.MC. = John loves Stephanie; however, she doesn't love him. MC; sc, MC. |
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| SD |
Sensory Detail Appealing to the senses (see, hear, feel, touch, taste) |
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| Sexist |
Sexist Language Using masculine pronouns when speaking of men and women, and visa-versa. Ex: You must teach a child manners so as an adult he will be polite. (only refers to males) Better: You must teach children manners so as adults they will be polite. |
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| Slang |
Slang This is not formal and/or often acceptable language. It may detract form your meaning. Ex: This test sucks. better=Is difficult and bothersome. Ex: She lost her temper and yelled at her kids. (kids are baby goats) children = better |
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| S-P |
Singular -Plural You have a singular noun linked to a plural verb or pronoun or visa-versa. Ex: Donations of food and clothing helps the less fortunate. help Ex: The store is having a sale, and they are practically giving things away. (singular) it is |
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| SS |
Sentence Sense This sentence doesn’t have any sense to it. The subject and verb are not clear, or confused, or mixed up with modifiers, or a variety of errors exist that make no meaning. |
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S-V |
Subject Verb Agreement Subjects and verbs must agree.
Singular subjects have no s go with singular verbs have an s. ex: Bob ex: jumps ex: My baby cousin Tommy is a difficult child because he cries a lot. singular subject ( no s) singular verb (s)
Plural subjects have an s go with plural verbs have no s. ex: Girls ex: jump ex: My twin cousins, Gail and Fay, are difficult children because they cry a lot. plural subject plural verb
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Syn |
Syntax = sentence order is confused. This is basically the same as a MPM (Misplaced modifier)
ex: Syntax error: Frank could see the Garden State Parkway flying in the plane. Better: Flaying in the plane, Frank could see the Garden State Parkway.
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| Thesis | writing a thesis: click link for info | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TP | transitional phrase: click link for info | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TS | topic sentence: click link for info | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unity | making writing unified: click link for more info | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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VB |
Verb Error (either shifting verbs or using an I incorrect tense)
Verb Shift Verbs for the most part must remain n the same tense. Mixing (shifting) tenses confuses a reader. In the examples below the verbs should both be in the same tense. They are not. ex Shifting Tenses : The boys want ice cream, and the girls wanted popcorn. present past Better: The boys want ice cream, and the girls want popcorn. present present Better: The boys wanted ice cream, and the girls wanted popcorn. past past
ex: Shifting Tense: She would water the plants and gave them food yesterday. past perfect past Better: She watered the plants and gave them food yesterday. past past Better: She would water the plants and would give them food. past perfect past perfect
ex: Shifting Tense: I run about five miles every day, and then I ate a big meal. present past Better: I run about five miles every day, and then I eat a big meal present present Better: I ran about five mile yesterday and ate a bit meal. past past
Verb Tense Verbs for the most part must remain in the same tense. Work on your verbs; you are confusing tenses.
Past Present Future_____________________________________________________________________________________ Simple work worked will work _____________________________________________________________________________________ Perfect had worked have been working will have been working (before something else) (may/may not continue) (will occur before some other event) _____________________________________________________________________________________ Progressive was working am working will be working (continuing) (continuing) (continuing)
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| Voice |
Voice Active = Subject performs action ( direct - usually most effective way write) Es: The committee reached a decision. sub predicate Passive = Subject receives action (indirect - usually less effective) Ex: The decision was reached by the committee. sub predicate |
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Wordiness \ Trite worn out phrases \ Redundancy \ Over used language
Wordiness Don't be unnecessarily wordy. When the meaning is obvious, don't say it. ex of Wordiness: I was driving my car on the road. Suddenly my passenger next to me got sick. where else? passenger is already in the car Better: I was driving, and my passenger got sick.
ex of Wordiness: The sun brightly shone in the sky, and I got tan all over my body. it is always in the sky where else? Better: Because the sun was shining, I got tan.
Don't Advertise what you are going to do; just do it ex: of Advertising: In conclusion, it seems apparent that cats make good pets.. advertising wordy Better: Cats make good pets.
click link for more info |
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WC |
Word Choice Incorrect words are being use Ex of incorrect word choice: I would of entered the race if only I could a got off from work. Better I would have entered the race if only I could of got off from work. Ex of incorrect word choice: There parents past the exit on the highway. Better: Their parents passed the exit on the highway.
Ex of incorrect word choice: My pen is brand knew, and it costs only seventy five sense. Better: My pen is brand new, and it costs only seventy five cents.
Ex of incorrect word choice: I have to right a term paper for my Science class Better: I have to write a term paper for my Science class
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| You | improper use of 2nd person: writing a thesis: click link for info | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| =/= |
not parallel sentence usually verb inconsistencies Many people get up early to jog, to observe nature, or watch the sun come up. to watch |
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If you find a link on the
Internet that you feel is useful to understanding any code technique
below, please let me